![]() Therefore, these systems have to implement measurements at the level of housing, lighting, fencing, and adequate feeder and waterer designs as well as management of litter, composting, and land ( Xin et al., 2011). In poultry farms, the environmental pollution is generated during the process of growing animals, producing feed, generating manure, and obtaining housing accessories (litter materials and heating devices). Sustainable or organic production systems consist of a series of strategies developed to decrease the environmental footprint to a minimum in the process of production. Sustainable Production Systems in Poultry Therefore, the goals of any production system (conventional or sustainable) will always be to prevent the risk and consequences of diseases. Additionally, some diseases of birds, such as influenza virus, imply a potential zoonotic risk to the population and the notification of some strains related to high virulence involves commercial restrictions (ban on poultry imports/exports) and therefore reduce profitability ( Yin et al., 2013). Besides, global trading of poultry products has also increased, especially between the major producers (i.e., the United States, Brazil, and China) and the rest of the world ( Stenhouse, 2008).Īll infectious agents, toxics, and nutritional imbalances have an impact on the performance of the farm and consequently on the local poultry industry. ![]() Nowadays almost every world region (Africa, North and Central America, South America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania) has to improve their production systems to accomplish the global demand of richer and more nutritional diets. This can possibly be explained as poultry meat and eggs represent an efficient source of protein and have low cost of production in comparison with other sources of protein, such as pork and beef ( Service, 2013). The demand of poultry products has increased parallel to the continual rise in the human population. Poultry Production: Economical Perspective and Public Health Impact of Diseases
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